In orthogonal turning of a low carbon steel bar of diameter $$150mm$$ with uncoated carbide tool, the cutting velocity is $$90m/min,$$ The feed is $$0.24mm/rev$$ and the depth of cut is $$2mm.$$ The chip thickness obtained is $$0.48$$$$mm.$$ If the orthogonal rake angle is zero, and the principle cutting edge angle is $$90,$$ the shear angle in degrees is

In orthogonal turning of medium carbon steel, the specific machining energy is $$2$$ $$kJ/m{m^3},$$ the cutting velocity, feed and depth of cut are $$120m/min,$$ $$0.2mm/rev$$ and $$2mm$$ respectively. The main cutting force $$N$$ is

In orthogonal turning of low carbon steel pipe with principal cutting edge angle of $$90,$$ the main cutting force is $$1000$$$$N$$ and the feed force is $$800N.$$ The shear angle is $$25$$ and orthogonal rake angle is zero. Employing Merchants theory, the ratio of friction force to the normal force acting on the cutting tool is

The force requirement in a blanking operation of low carbon steel sheet is $$5.0$$ $$kN.$$ The thickness of the sheet is $$'t'$$ and diameter of the blanked part is $$'d'.$$ For the same work material, if the diameter of the blanked part is increased to $$1.5d$$ and thickness is reduced to $$0.4t$$, the new blanking force in $$kN$$ is