In orthogonal turning of medium carbon steel, the specific machining energy is $$2$$ $$kJ/m{m^3},$$ the cutting velocity, feed and depth of cut are $$120m/min,$$ $$0.2mm/rev$$ and $$2mm$$ respectively. The main cutting force $$N$$ is

In orthogonal turning of a low carbon steel bar of diameter $$150mm$$ with uncoated carbide tool, the cutting velocity is $$90m/min,$$ The feed is $$0.24mm/rev$$ and the depth of cut is $$2mm.$$ The chip thickness obtained is $$0.48$$$$mm.$$ If the orthogonal rake angle is zero, and the principle cutting edge angle is $$90,$$ the shear angle in degrees is

A low carbon steel bar of $$147$$ $$mm$$ diameter with length of $$630$$ $$mm$$ is being turned with uncoated carbide insert. The observed tool lives are $$24$$ and $$12$$ for cutting velocities of $$90$$ $$m/min$$ and $$120$$ $$m/min$$ respectively. The feed and depth of cut are $$0.2$$ $$mm/rev$$ and $$2$$ $$mm$$ respectively. Use the unmachined diameter to calculate the cutting velocity.

When tool life is $$20min.$$ The cutting velocity in $$m/min$$ is

Two metallic sheets, each of $$2.0$$ $$mm$$ thickness are welded in lap joint configuration by resistance spot welding at a welding current of $$10$$ $$KA$$ and welding time of $$10$$ milliseconds. A spherical fusion zone extending up to the full thickness of each sheet is formed. The properties of the metallic sheets are given below:
Ambient temp $$=293$$ $$K$$
Melting point temp $$=1793$$ $$K$$
Density $$ = 7000kg/{m^3}$$
Latent heat of fusion $$=300$$ $$kJ/kg$$
Specific heat $$=800$$ $$J/kgK$$

Assume:
(i) Contact resistance along sheet - sheet interface is $$500$$ micro-ohm and along
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,$$electrode-sheet interface is zero.:
(ii) No conductive heat loss through the bulk sheet material; and
(iii) The complete weld fusion zone is at the melting temperature, the melting
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$efficiency (in %) of the process is .........