If 500 mL of CaCl$$_2$$ solution contains 3.01 $$\times$$ 10$$^{22}$$ chloride ions, molarity of the solution will be

Which condition is not satisfied by an ideal solution?

A solution of urea (molar mass $$60 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$$ ) boils at $$100.20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$$ at the atmospheric pressure, if $$K_f$$ and $$K_b$$ for water are 1.86 and $$0.512 \mathrm{~K}$$ $$\mathrm{kg} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$$ respectively. The freezing point of the solution will be

When difference in boiling points of two liquids is too small, then the separation is carried out by