Road A and Road B are joined by a circular horizontal curve of radius 200 m as shown in the figure. Road $A$ and Road $B$ are tangential to the curve at the points $C$ and $D$, respectively. Had the curve not been there, straight roads $A$ and $B$ would have met at the point $E$. The distance from $C$ to $E$ is 92 m . The value of angle $\theta$ (in degrees) is
__________ (rounded off to 1 decimal place).
Note: The value of angle .. is to be calculated only from the consideration of Euclidean geometry and the data given in the problem.
The longitudinal sections of a runway have gradients as shown in the table.
| End to end for sections of runway (m) | Gradient (%) |
|---|---|
| 0 to 200 | +1.0 |
| 200 to 600 | −1.0 |
| 600 to 1200 | +0.8 |
| 1200 to 1600 | +0.2 |
| 1600 to 2000 | −0.5 |
Consider the reduced level (RL) at the starting point of the runway as 100 m.
The effective gradient of the runway is
In general, the outer edge is raised above the inner edge in horizontal curves for
As per the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the basic runway length is increased by $x$ (%) for every $y$ (m) rise in elevation from the Mean Sea Level (MSL). The values of $x$ and $y$, respectively, are