A $$1:1$$ pulse transformer $$(PT)$$ is used to trigger the $$SCR$$ in the adjacent figure. The $$SCR$$ is rated at $$1.5$$ $$kV$$, $$250$$ $$A$$ with $${{\rm I}_L} = 250\,mA,\,\,{{\rm I}_H} = 150\,mA,$$ and $${{\rm I}_{G\max }} = 150mA$$ with $${{\rm I}_L} = 250\,mA,$$ $${{\rm I}_{G\min }} = 100mA.$$ The $$SCR$$ is connected to an inductive load, where $$L$$ $$=150$$ $$mH$$ in series with a small resistance and the supply voltage is $$200$$ $$V$$ $$dc.$$ The forward drops of all transistors/diodes and gate $$-$$ cathode junction during $$ON$$ state are $$1.0V$$

The minimum approximate volt $$-$$second rating of the pulse transformer suitable for triggering the $$SCR$$ should be: (Volt - second rating is the maximum of product of the voltage and the width of the pulse that may be applied)

Consider a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus by two identical parallel transmission lines. The transient reactance $$x'$$ of the generator $$0.1$$ pu. Due to some previous disturbance, the rotor angle $$(d)$$ is undergoing an undamped oscillation, with the maximum value of $$\delta \left( t \right)$$ equal to $$\,{130^ \circ }\,.$$ One of the parallel lines trip due to relay mal-operation at an instant $$\,\,\,\,\,$$ when $$\,\delta \left( t \right)\,\, = {130^ \circ }\,\,$$ as shown in the figure. The maximum value of the per unit line reactance $$x,$$ such that the system does not lose synchronism subsequent to this tripping is

Two regional system, each having several synchronous generators and loads are interconnected by an ac line and a HVDC link as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements is true in the steady state:

Consider the protection system shown in the figure below. The circuit breakers numbered from $$1$$ to $$7$$ are of identical type. A single line to ground fault with zero fault impedance occurs at the midpoint of the line (at point F), but circuit breaker $$4$$ fails to operate (''Stuck breaker''). If the relays are coordinated correctly, a valid sequence of circuit breaker operation is b