$$G$$ is a simple undirected graph. Some vertices of $$G$$ are of odd degree. Add a node $$v$$ to $$G$$ and make it adjacent to each odd degree vertex of $$G$$. The resultant graph is sure to be

Which of the following statements is true for every planar graph on $$n$$ vertices?

When $$n = {2^{2k}}$$ for some $$k \ge 0$$, the recurrence relation $$$T\left( n \right) = \sqrt 2 T\left( {n/2} \right) + \sqrt n ,\,\,T\left( 1 \right) = 1$$$
evaluates to

In how many ways can $$b$$ blue balls and $$r$$ red balls be distributed in $$n$$ distinct boxes?