We have a binary heap on n elements and wish to insert n more elements (not necessarily one after another) into this heap. The total time required for this is

The Breadth First Search algorithm has been implemented using the queue data structure. One possible order of visiting the nodes of the following graph is

Consider the following C functions:

int f1(int n){
 if(n == 0 || n == 1){
    return n;
 }
 return (2 * f1(n - 1) + 3 * f1(n - 2));
}
int f2(int n){
 int i;
 int X[N], Y[N], Z[N];
 X[0] = Y[0] = Z[0] = 0;
 X[1] = 1; Y[1] = 2; Z[1] = 3;
 for(i = 2; i <= n; i++){
  X[i] = Y[i - 1] + Z[i - 2];
  Y[i] = 2 * X[i];
  Z[i] = 3 * X[i];
 }
 return X[n];
}

The returning time of f1(n) and f2(n) are

The most efficient algorithm for finding the number of connected components in an undirected graph on n vertices and m edges has time complexity