For inclusion to hold between two cache levels $$L1$$ and $$L2$$ in a multilevel cache hierarchy, which of the following are necessary?

$$1.$$ $$L1$$ must be a write-through cache
$$2.$$ $$L2$$ must be a write-through cache
$$3.$$ The associativity of $$L2$$ must be greater than that of $$L1$$
$$4.$$ The $$L2$$ cache must be at least as large as the $$L1$$ cache

In the $$IEEE$$ floating point representation the hexadecimal value $$0\, \times \,00000000$$ corresponds to

Consider a hash table of size 11 that uses open addressing with linear probing. Let h(k) = k mod 11 be the hash function used. A sequence of records with keys

43 36 92 87 11 4 71 13 14 is inserted into an initially empty hash table, the bins of which are indexed from zero to ten. What is the index of the bin into which the last record is inserted?

Consider the following sequence of nodes for the undirected graph given below.
1.a b e f d g c
2.a b e f c g d
3.a d g e b c f
4.a d b c g e f
A Depth First Search (DFS) is started at node a. The nodes are listed in the order they are first visited. Which all of the above is (are) possible output(s)?