Two steel columns $$P$$ (Length $$L$$ and yield strength $${f_y} = 250\,\,MPa$$) and $$Q$$ (length $$2L$$ and yield strength $${f_y} = 500\,\,MPa$$) have the same cross-sections and end-conditions. The ratio of buckling load of column $$P$$ to that of column $$Q$$ is:

Consider the following statements for a compression member

$${\rm I}.\,\,\,\,$$ The elastic critical stress in compression increases with decrease in slenderness ratio

$${\rm II}.\,\,\,\,$$ The effective length depends on the boundary conditions at its ends

$${\rm III}.\,\,\,\,$$ The elastic critical stress in compression is independent of the slenderness ratio

$${\rm IV}.\,\,\,\,$$ The ratio of the effective length to its radius of gyration is called as slenderness ratio

The TRUE statements are

The square root of the ratio of moment of inertia of the cross-section to its cross-sectional area is called

Consider the following statements

$${\rm I}.\,\,\,\,$$ Effective length of a battened column is usually increased to account for the additional load on battens due to the lateral expansion of columns.
$${\rm II}.\,\,\,\,$$ As per $$IS:$$ $$800$$-$$1984,$$ permissible stress in bending compression depends on both Euler buckling stress and the yield stress of steel.
$${\rm III}.\,\,\,\,$$ As per $$IS:$$ $$800$$-$$1984,$$ the effective length of a column effectively held in position at both ends but not restrained against rotation, is taken to be greater than that in the ideal end conditions.

The TRUE statements are