A line between stations P and Q laid on a slope of 1 in 5 was measured as 350 m using a 50 m tape. The tape is known to be short by 0.1 m.

The corrected horizontal length (in m) of the line PQ will be

The survey carried out to delineate natural features, such as hills, rivers, forests and manmade features, such as towns, villages, buildings, roads, transmission lines and canals is classified as

The type of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account is called

Systematic errors are those errors