A mild steel specimen is under uniaxial tensile stress. Young's modulus and yield stress for mild steel are $$2 \times {10^5}\,\,MPa$$ and $$250$$ $$MPa$$ respectively. The maximum amount of strain energy per unit volume that can be stored in this specimen without permanent set is

$${U_1}$$ and $${U_2}$$ are the strain energies stored in a prismatic bar due to axial tensile forces $${P_1}$$ and $${P_2},$$ respectively. The strain energy $$U$$ stored in the same bar due to combined action of $${P_1}$$ and $${P_2}$$ will be

A stepped steel shaft shown below is subjected to $$10$$ $$N$$-$$m$$ torque. If the modulus of rigidity is $$80$$ $$GPa,$$ the strain energy in the shaft in $$N$$-$$mm$$ is