The algebraic equation
$$F\left( s \right) = {s^5} - 3{s^4} + 5{s^3} - 7{s^2} + 4s + 20$$
$$F\left( s \right) = 0$$ has

A software delay subroutine is written as given below:

How many times $$DCR$$ $$L$$ instruction will be executed?

A student has made a-$$3$$ bit binary down counter and connected to the $$R$$-$$2R$$ ladder type $$DAC$$ [Gain $$=$$ $$\left( { - 1k\Omega /2R} \right)$$ as shown in figure to generate a staircase waveform.

The output achieved is different as shown in figure. What could be the possible cause of this error?

A TTL NOT gate circuit is shown in figure. Assuming $${V_{BE}} = 0.7\,v$$ of both the transistors, if $${V_i} = 3.0\,V,$$ then the states of the two transistors will be