Assuming the diodes to be ideal in the figure, for the output to be clipped, the input voltage $${V_i}$$ must be outside the range

The transistor in the given circuit should always be in active region. Take $${V_{CE\left( {sat} \right)}} = 0.2\,\,V,\,\,\,{V_{BE}} = 0.7\,\,V.\,\,\,$$ The maximum value of $${R_C}$$ in $$\Omega $$ which can be used, is __________.

An oscillator circuit using ideal op-amp and diodes is shown in the figure.

The duration for $$+ve$$ part of the cycle $$\Delta {t_1}$$ and for $$-ve$$ part is $$\Delta {t_2}.$$ The value of $$e$$ $${{\Delta {t_2} - \Delta {t_1}} \over {RC}}$$ will be _______.

The second order dynamic system $${{dX} \over {dt}} = PX + Qu,\,\,\,y = RX$$ has the matrices $$P,Q,$$ and $$R$$ as follows: $$P = \left[ {\matrix{ { - 1} & 1 \cr 0 & { - 3} \cr } } \right]\,\,Q = \left[ {\matrix{ 0 \cr 1 \cr } } \right]$$
$$R = \left[ {\matrix{ 0 & 1 \cr } } \right]$$ The system has the following controllability and observability properties: