You are given a free running clock with a duty cycle of $$50$$% and a digital waveform $$f$$ which changes only at the negative edge of the clock. Which one of the following circuits (using clocked $$D$$ flip-flops) will delay the phase of $$f$$ by $${180^0}?$$

Consider the circuit above. Which one of the following options correctly represents $$f(x,y,z)?$$

Consider a Boolean function $$f(w, x, y, z).$$ Suppose that exactly one of its inputs is allowed to change at a time. If the function happens to be true for two input vectors $${i_1} = < {w_1},{x_1},{y_1},{z_1} > $$ and $${i_2} = < {w_2},{x_2},{y_2},{z_2} > ,$$ we would like the function to remain true as the input changes from $${i_1}$$ to $${i_2}$$ ($${i_1}$$ and $${i_2}$$ differ in exactly one bit position), without becoming false momentarily. Let $$f\left( {w,x,y,z} \right) = \sum {\left( {5,7,11,12,13,15} \right)} .$$ Which of the following cube covers of $$f$$ will entire that the required property is satisfied?

Given a set of elements N = {1, 2, ....., n} and two arbitrary subsets $$A\, \subseteq \,N\,$$ and $$B\, \subseteq \,N\,$$, how many of the n! permutations $$\pi $$ from N to N satisfy $$\min \,\left( {\pi \,\left( A \right)} \right) = \min \,\left( {\pi \,\left( B \right)} \right)$$, where min (S) is the smallest integer in the set of integers S, and $${\pi \,\left( S \right)}$$ is the set of integers obtained by applying permutation $${\pi}$$ to each element of S?