A CPU has five stages pipeline and runs at $$1$$ $$GHz$$ frequency. Instruction fetch happens in the first stage of the pipeline. A conditional branch instruction computes the target address and evaluates the condition in the third stage of the pipeline. The processor stops fetching new instruction following a conditional branch until the branch outcome is known. A program executes $${10^9}$$ instructions out of which $$20$$% are conditional branches. If each instruction takes one cycle to complete on average, then total execution time of the program is

Consider two cache organization: The first one is $$32$$ $$KB$$ $$2$$-way set associate with $$32$$-byte block size. The second one is of the same size but direct mapped. The size of an address is $$32$$ bits in both cases. $$A$$ $$2$$-to-$$1$$ multiplexer has latency. of $$0.6$$ $$ns$$ while a $$k$$-bit comparator has a latency of $$k/10$$ $$ns.$$ The bit latency of the set associative organization is $${h_1}$$ while that of the direct mapped one is $${h_2}.$$

The value of $${h_2}$$ is

A $$CPU$$ has a cache with block size $$64$$ bytes. The main memory has $$k$$ banks, each bank being $$c$$ bytes wide. Consecutive $$c$$-byte chunks are mapped on consecutive banks with wrap-around. All the $$k$$ banks can be accessed in parallel, but two accesses to the same bank must be serialized. A cache block access may involve multiple iterations of parallel bank accesses depending on the amount of data obtained by accessing all the $$k$$ banks in parallel. Each iteration requires decoding the bank numbers to be accessed in parallel and this takes $$k/2$$ $$ns.$$ The latency of one bank access is $$80$$ $$ns.$$ If $$c=2$$ and $$k=24,$$ then latency of retrieving a cache block starting at address zero from main memory is

Consider two cache organization: The first one is $$32$$ $$KB$$ $$2$$-way set associate with $$32$$-byte block size. The second one is of the same size but direct mapped. The size of an address is $$32$$ bits in both cases. $$A$$ $$2$$-to-$$1$$ multiplexer has latency. of $$0.6$$ $$ns$$ while a $$k$$-bit comparator has a latency of $$k/10$$ $$ns.$$ The bit latency of the set associative organization is $${h_1}$$ while that of the direct mapped one is $${h_2}.$$

The value of $${h_1}$$ is