A glass vessel of volume $$V_o$$ is completely filled with a liquid and its temperature is raised by $$\Delta T$$. What volume of the liquid will flow over, if the coefficient of linear expansion of glass is $$\alpha_g$$ and coefficient of volume expansion of the liquid is $$\gamma_l$$ ?

A Carnot engine whose heat sink is at 27$$^\circ$$C has an efficiency of 40%. By how much should its source temperature be changed, so as to increase its efficiency to 60%?

A diatomic gas is heated at constant pressure, what fraction of the heat energy is used to increase the internal energy?

An ideal gas is taken from state-1 to state- 2 through optional path $$A, B, C$$ and $$D$$ as shown in the $$p$$ - $$V$$ diagram. Let $$Q, W$$ and $$U$$ represent the heat supplied, work done and change in internal energy respectively, then