In a $$DC$$ $$arc$$ welding operating, the length characteristic was obtained as $${V_{arc}} = 20 + 5l$$ where the $$arc$$ length $$l$$ was varied between $$5mm$$ and $$7mm.$$ Here $${V_{arc}}$$ denotes the arc voltage in volts. The $$arc$$ current was varied from $$400A$$ to $$500A.$$ Assuming linear power source characteristic, the open circuit voltage and the short circuit current for the welding operation are

In a single pass rolling process using $$410mm$$ diameter steel rollers, a strip of width $$140mm$$ and thickness $$8mm$$ undergoes $$10\% $$ reduction of thickness. The angle of bite in radians is

In a single pass drilling operation, a through hole of $$15$$ $$mm$$ diameter is to be drilled in a steel plate of $$50$$ $$mm$$ thickness. Drill spindle speed is $$500$$ $$rpm,$$ feed is $$0.2$$ $$mm/rev$$ and drill point angle is $${118^ \circ }.$$ Assuming $$2$$ $$mm$$ clearance at approach and exit, the total drill time (in seconds) is

Match the following metal forming processes with their associated stresses in the Work-piece