Radiative heat transfer is intended between the inner surfaces of two very largen isothermal parallel metal plates. While the upper plate (designated as plate $$1$$) is a black surface and is the warmer one being maintained at $${727^ \circ }C,$$ the lower plate (plate $$2$$) is a diffuse and gray surface with an emissivity of $$0.7$$ and is kept at $${27^ \circ }C.$$ Assume that the surfaces are sufficiently large to form a two-surface enclosure and steady state conditions to exist. Stefan Boltzmann constant is given as
$$5.67 \times {10^{ - 8}}\,W/{m^2}{K^4}$$

The irradiation (in $$kW/{m^2}$$) for the upper plate is

A coolant fluid at $${30^ \circ }C$$ flows over a heated flat plate maintained at a constant temperature of $${100^ \circ }C$$. The boundary layer temp distribution at a given location on the plate may be approximated as $$T=30+70exp(-y),$$ where $$y$$ (in $$m$$) is the distance normal to the plate and $$T$$ is in $$^ \circ C.$$ If thermal conductivity of the fluid is $$1.0W/mk,$$ the local convective heat transfer (in $$W/{m^2}K$$) at that location will be

Which of the following forecasting methods takes a fraction of forecast error into account for the next period forecast?

The expected time $$\left( {{t_e}} \right)$$ of a $$PERT$$ activity in terms of optimistic time $$\left( {{t_0}} \right)$$, pessimistic $$\left( {{t_p}} \right)$$ and most likely time $$\left( {{t_L}} \right)$$ is given by