A steel bar of $$10$$ $$mm\,\, \times \,\,50\,\,mm$$ is cantilevered with two $$M12$$ bolts ($$P$$ and $$Q$$) to support a static load of $$4$$ $$kN$$ as shown in figure aside.

The primary and secondary shear loads on rivet $$p,$$ respectively are

While cooling, a cubical casting of side $$40mm$$ undergoes $$3\% ,\,\,4\% $$ and $$5\% $$ volume shrinkage during the liquid state, phase transition and solid state respectively. The volume of metal compensated from the riser is

For generating coon's surface we require

In the feed drive of a point to point open loop $$CNC$$ drive, a stepper motor rotating at $$200steps/rev$$ drives a table through a gear box and lead screw-nut mechanism (pitch $$=4mm,$$ number of starts $$=1$$). The gear ratio $$=$$ Output speed / input speed is given by $$U=1/4.$$ The stepper motor (driven by voltage pulses from a pulse generator) executes $$1$$ step / pulse from a pulse generator) executes $$1$$ step / pulse of the generator. The frequency of the pulse train from the pulse generator is $$f=10000$$ pulses per minute.

A customer insists on a modification to change the $$BLU$$ of the $$CNC$$ drive to $$10$$ Microns without changing the table speed. The modification can be accomplished by