While cooling, a cubical casting of side $$40mm$$ undergoes $$3\% ,\,\,4\% $$ and $$5\% $$ volume shrinkage during the liquid state, phase transition and solid state respectively. The volume of metal compensated from the riser is

In the deep drawing of cups, blanks show a tendency to wrinkle up around the periphery (flange). The most likely cause and remedy of the phenomenon are respectively,

In the feed drive of a point to point open loop $$CNC$$ drive, a stepper motor rotating at $$200steps/rev$$ drives a table through a gear box and lead screw-nut mechanism (pitch $$=4mm,$$ number of starts $$=1$$). The gear ratio $$=$$ Output speed / input speed is given by $$U=1/4.$$ The stepper motor (driven by voltage pulses from a pulse generator) executes $$1$$ step / pulse from a pulse generator) executes $$1$$ step / pulse of the generator. The frequency of the pulse train from the pulse generator is $$f=10000$$ pulses per minute.

A customer insists on a modification to change the $$BLU$$ of the $$CNC$$ drive to $$10$$ Microns without changing the table speed. The modification can be accomplished by

In the feed drive of a point to point open loop $$CNC$$ drive, a stepper motor rotating at $$200steps/rev$$ drives a table through a gear box and lead screw-nut mechanism (pitch $$=4mm,$$ number of starts $$=1$$). The gear ratio $$=$$ Output speed / input speed is given by $$U=1/4.$$ The stepper motor (driven by voltage pulses from a pulse generator) executes $$1$$ step / pulse from a pulse generator) executes $$1$$ step / pulse of the generator. The frequency of the pulse train from the pulse generator is $$f=10000$$ pulses per minute.

The basic length unit $$(BLU)$$, i.e. the table movement corresponding to $$1$$ pulse of the pulse generator