A simply supported laterally loaded beam was found to deflect more than a specified value. Which of the following measures will reduce the deflection?

The second moment of a circular area about the diameter is given by (D is the diameter)

Two identical circular rods of same diameter and same length are subjected to same magnitude of axial tensile force. One of the rods is made out of mild steel having the modulus of elasticity of 206 GPa. The other rod is made out of cast iron having he modulus of elasticity of 100 GPa. Assume both the materials to be homogeneous and isotropic and the axial force causes the same amount of uniform stress in both the rods. The stresses developed are within the proportional limit of the respective materials. Which of the following observations is correct?

The beams, one having square cross section and another circular cross-section,are subjected to the same amount of bending moment. If the cross sectional area as well as the material of both the beams are the same then