If $$(x, y)$$ is continuous function defined over $$\left( {x,y} \right) \in \left[ {0,1} \right] \times \left[ {0,1} \right].\,\,\,$$ Given two constants, $$\,x > {y^2}$$ and $$\,y > {x^2},$$ the volume under $$f(x, y)$$ is

$$F\left( {x,y} \right) = \left( {{x^2} + xy} \right)\,\widehat a{}_x + \left( {{y^2} + xy} \right)\,\widehat a{}_y.\,\,$$ Its line integral over the straight line from $$(x, y)=(0,2)$$ to $$(x,y)=(2,0)$$ evaluates to

Assume for simplicity that $$N$$ people, all born in April (a month of $$30$$ days) are collected in a room, consider the event of at least two people in the room being born on the same date of the month (even if in different years e.g. $$1980$$ and $$1985$$). What is the smallest $$N$$ so that the probability of this exceeds $$0.5$$ is ?

Let $$\,{x^2} - 117 = 0.\,\,$$ The iterative steps for the solution using Newton -Raphson's method is given by