Which of the following is NOT true with respect to a transparent bridge and a router?

A and B are the only two stations on an Ethernet. Each has a steady queue of frames to send. Both A and B attempt to transmit a frame, collide, and A wins the first backoff race. At the end of this successful transmission by A, both A and B attempt to transmit and collide. The probability that A wins the second backoff race is

A sender is employing public key Cryptography to send a secret message to a receiver. Which one of the following statement is true?

Consider the following program segment for a hypothetical $$CPU$$ having three user registers $$R1,R2, $$ and $$R3.$$

Let the clock cycles required for various operations be as follows:
Register to/from memory transfer:
$$3$$ clock cycles
ADD with both operands in register:
$$1$$ clock cycle
Instruction fetch and decode:
$$2$$ clock cycles per word

The total number of clock cycle required to execute the program is