A Hard disk with a transfer rate of $$10Mbytes/second$$ is constantly transferring data to memory using $$DMA.$$ The processor runs at $$600MHz$$ and takes $$300$$ and $$900$$ clock cycles to initiate and complete $$DMA$$ transfer respectively. The size of the data transfer is $$20$$ $$KB.$$ What is the $$\% $$ of processor time consumed for this operation ?

The microinstructions stored in the control memory of a processor have a width of $$26$$ bits. Each microinstruction is divided into three fields: a micro-operation of $$13$$ bits, a next address field $$(X),$$ and a $$MUX$$ select field $$(Y).$$ There are $$8$$ status bits in the inputs of the $$MUX$$.

How many bits are there in the $$X$$ and $$Y$$ fields, and what is the size of the control memory in number of words?

A single array A[1..MAXSIZE] is used to implement two stacks, The two stacks grow from opposite ends of the array. Variables top1 and top2 (top1 < top2) point to the location of the topmost element in each of the stacks, If the space is to be used efficiently, the condition for "stack full" is

Two matrices M₁ and M₂ are to be stored in arrays A and B respectively. Each array can be stored either in row-major or column-major order in contiguous memory locations. The time complexity of an algorithm to compute M₁$$\times$$ M₂ will be