A simple pendulum with bob of mass m and conducting wire of length $L$ swings under gravity through an angle $\theta$. The component of earth's magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to swing is B . Maximum e.m.f. induced across the pendulum is ( $\mathrm{g}=$ acceleration due to gravity)

In a cyclic process, work done by the system is

A metal sphere cools at a rate of $1.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{min}$ when its temperature is $80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. When the temperature of the sphere is $40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, its rate of cooling is $0.3^{\circ} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{min}$. The temperature of the surrounding $\left(\theta_0\right)$ is

The resultant logic gate from the combination of following gates is