A hemispherical portion of radius ' $R$ ' is removed from the bottom of a cylinder of radius ' R '. The volume of the remaining cylinder is ' V ' and its mass is ' M '. It is suspended by a string in a liquid of density ' $\rho$ ', where it stays vertical. The upper surface of the cylinder is at a depth ' $h$ ' below the liquid surface. The force on the bottom of the liquid is

A parallel beam of light of intensity $I_0$ is incident on a glass plate, $25 \%$ of light is reflected by upper surface and $50 \%$ of light is reflected from lower surface. The ratio of maximum to minimum intensity in interference region of reflected rays is

A convex lens of refractive index $\frac{3}{2}$ has a power 2.5. If it is placed in a liquid of refractive index 2, the new power of the lens is

The truth table for the given logic circuit is