A standard machine tool and an automatic machine tool are being compared for the production of a component. Following data refers to the two machines.

The breakeven production batch size above which the automatic machine tool will be economical to use, will be

In an orthogonal cutting test on mild steel, the following data were obtained
Cutting speed: $$40$$ $$m/min,$$
Depth of cut: $$0.3$$ $$mm,$$
Tool rake angle : $$ + {5^ \circ },$$
Chip thickness: $$1.5$$ $$mm,$$
Cutting force: $$900$$ $$N,$$
Thrust force: $$450$$ $$N$$
Using Merchant's analysis, the Friction angle during the machining will be

Through holes of $$10$$ $$mm$$ diameter are to be drilled in steel plate of $$20$$ $$mm$$ thickness. Drill spindle speed is $$300$$ $$rpm,$$ feed $$0.2$$ $$mm/rev$$ and drill point angle is $${120^0}.$$ Assuming drill over travel of $$2mm$$ the time for producing a hole will be

$$10$$ $$mm$$ diameter holes are to be punched in a steel sheet of $$3$$ $$mm$$ thickness. Shear strength of the material is $$400\,\,N/m{m^2}$$ and penetration is $$40\% $$. Shear provided on the punch is $$2$$ $$mm.$$ The blanking force during the operation will be