A cylinder of mass $$10$$ kg and area of cross-section $$0.1$$ $${m^2}$$ is tied down with string in a vessel containing two liquids as shown in Figure. Calculate gauge pressure on the cylinder bottom and the tension in the string. Density of water $$ = 1000\,\,kg/{m^3}.$$ Specific gravity of $$A=0.8$$. Specific gravity of $$B$$ (water) $$=1.0$$

A hot fluid at $${200^ \circ }C$$ enters a heat exchanger at a mass flow rate of $${10^4}\,\,kg/hr.$$ Its specific heat is $$2000$$ $$J/kg$$-$$K.$$ It is to be cooled by another fluid entering at $${25^ \circ }C$$ with a mass flow rate $$2500$$ $$kg/hr$$ and specific heat $$400$$ $$J/kg$$-$$K$$. The overall heat transfer coefficient based on outside area of $$20\,\,{m^2}$$ is $$250\,\,\,W/{m^2}K.$$ Find the exit temperature of the hot fluid when the fluids are in parallel flow.

Hot water flows with a velocity of $$0.1$$ $$m/s$$ in a $$100mm$$ long, $$0.1m$$ diameter pipe. Heat lost from the pipe outer wall is uniform and equal to $$420$$ $$W/{m^2}$$. If the inlet water temperature is $${80^ \circ }C,$$ calculate the water temp at the exit. Neglect effect of pipe wall thickness. $${C_p}$$ (water) $$=4.2$$ $$kJ/kg$$-$$K$$ and density of water $$=1000$$ $$kg/\,{m^3}.$$

A gas filled tube has $$2$$ $$mm$$ inside diameter and $$25$$ $$cm$$ length. The gas is heated by an electrical wire of diameter $$50$$ microns ($$0.05$$ $$mm$$) located along the axis of the tube. Current and voltage drop across the heating element are $$0.5$$ amps and $$4$$ volts, respectively. If the measured wire and inside tube wall temperatures are $${175^ \circ }C$$ and $${150^ \circ }C$$ respectively, find the thermal conductivity of the gas filling the tube.