The figure shows the circuit diagram of a rectifier. The load consists of a resistance $$10\,\Omega $$ and an inductance $$0.05$$ $$H$$ connected in series. Assuming ideal thyristor and ideal diode, the thyristor firing angle (in degree) needed to obtain an average load voltage of $$70$$ $$V$$ is _______________.

Figure (i) shows the circuit diagram of a chopper. The switch $$S$$ in the circuit in figure (i) is switched such that the voltage $${V_D}$$ across the diagram as the wave shape as shown in figure (ii). The capacitance $$C$$ is large so that the voltage across it is constant. If switch $$S$$ and the diode are ideal, the peak to peak ripple (in A) in the inductor current is ________.

In the figure shows on period of the output voltage of an inverter. $$\alpha $$ should be chosen such that $${60^0} < \alpha < {90^0}.$$ If $$rms$$ value of the fundamental component is $$50$$ $$V$$, then $$\alpha $$ in degree is _________.

The undesirable property of an electrical insulating material is