The fuel cost functions of two power plants are
Plant $${P_1}:\,{C_1} = 0.05\,Pg_1^2 + AP{g_1} + B$$
Plant $${P_2}:\,{C_2} = 0.10\,Pg_2^2 + 3AP{g_2} + 2B$$
Where, $$P{g_1}$$ and $$P{g_2}$$ are the generator powers of two plants and $$A$$ and $$B$$ are the constants. If the two plants optimally share $$1000$$ $$MW$$ load at incremental fuel cost of $$100$$ $$Rs/MWh,$$ the ratio of load shared by plants $${P_1}$$ and $${P_2}$$ is

The over current relays for the line protection and loads connected at the buses are shown in the figure.

The relays are IDMT is natural having the characteristic
$${t_{op}} = {{0.14\, \times \,time\,\,multiplier\,\,setting} \over {{{(plug\,\,setting\,\,multiplier)}^{0.02}} - 1}}$$
The maximum and minimum fault current at bus $$B$$ are $$2000A$$ and $$500$$ $$A$$ respectively. Assuming the time multiplier setting and plug setting for relay $${R_B}$$ to be $$0.1$$ and $$5$$ $$A$$ respectively, the operating time of $${R_B}$$ (in seconds) is __________.

A 2-bus system and corresponding zero sequence network are shown in the figure.

The transformers T₁ and T₂ are connected as

The undesirable property of an electrical insulating material is