In a pure silicon crystal electron-hole concentration is $10^{16}$ per $\mathrm{m}^3$ at 301 K . Now $10^{21}$ atoms of phosphorus are added per cubic metre. The new hole concentration in silicon is (in per $\mathrm{m}^3$ )

Assuming human pupil to have radius of 0.25 cm and comfortable viewing distance of 25 cm , the minimum separation between the two objects that human eye can resolve at 500 nm wavelength is nearly

Four charges $2 \mu \mathrm{C},-3 \mu \mathrm{C}, 4 \mu \mathrm{C},-4 \mu \mathrm{C}$ and $-1 \mu \mathrm{C}$ are enclosed by the Gaussian surface of radius 2 m . Net outward flux through the Gaussian surface is (in $\mu \mathrm{V}-\mathrm{m}$ ) [ $\varepsilon_0=$ permittivity of free space]