A machine element $$XY,$$ fixed at end $$X,$$ is subjected to an axial load $$P,$$ transverse load $$F,$$ and a twisting moment $$T$$ at its free end $$Y.$$ The most critical point from the strength point of view is

In a structural member under fatigue loading, the minimum and maximum stresses developed at the critical point are $$50$$ $$MPa$$ and $$150$$ $$MPa,$$ respectively. The endurance, yield, and the ultimate strengths of the material are $$200$$ $$MPa,$$ $$300$$ $$MPa$$ and $$400$$ $$MPa,$$ respectively. The factor of safety using modified Goodman criterion is

The welding process which uses a blanket of fusible granular flux is

The value of true strain produced in compressing a cylinder to half its original length is