For the brake shown in the figure, which one of the following is TRUE?

A mass of $$2000$$ kg is currently being lowered at a velocity of $$2$$ $$m/s$$ from the drum as shown in the figure. The mass moment of inertia of the drum is $$150$$ kg-m². On applying the brake, the mass is brought to rest in a distance of $$0.5$$ $$m.$$ The energy absorbed by the brake (in $$kJ$$) is __________________.

The welding process which uses a blanket of fusible granular flux is

Gray cast iron blocks of size $$100\,\,mm \times 50\,\,mm \times 10\,\,mm$$ with a central spherical cavity of diameter $$4$$ mm are sand cast. The shrinkage allowance for the pattern is $$3\% $$. The ratio of the volume of the pattern to volume of the casting is ___________________