The figure below shows a graph, which qualitatively relates cutting speed and cost per piece produced.

The three curves $$1,2$$ and $$3$$ respectively represent

Two tools $$P$$ and $$Q$$ have signature $${5^ \circ } - {5^ \circ } - {6^ \circ } - {6^ \circ } - {8^ \circ } - {30^ \circ } - 0$$ and $${5^ \circ } - {5^ \circ } - {7^ \circ } - {7^ \circ } - {8^ \circ } - {15^ \circ } - 0$$ (both $$ASA$$) respectively. They are used to turn components under the same machining conditions. If $${h_p}$$ and $${h_Q}$$ denote the peak-to-valley height of surfaces produced by the tools $$P$$ and $$Q$$, the ratio $${h_P}/{h_Q}$$ will be

A $$600$$ $$mm$$ $$ \times \,\,30\,\,mm$$ flat surface of a plate is to be finish machined on a shaper. The plate has been fixed with the $$600$$ $$mm$$ side along the tool travel direction. If the tool over-travel at each end of the plate is $$20$$ $$mm,$$ average cutting speed is $$8$$ $$m/min,$$ feed rate is $$0.3$$ $$mm/stroke$$ and the ratio of return time to cutting time of the tool is $$1:2,$$ the time required for machining will be

A $$2$$ $$mm$$ thick metal sheet is to be bent at an angle of one radian with a bend radius of $$100$$ $$mm.$$ If the stretch factor is $$0.5,$$ the bend allowance is