(a) $$ \to $$ deer , (b) $$ \to $$ rabbit , (c) $$ \to $$ frog, (d) $$ \to $$ rat

(a) $$ \to $$ squirrel , (b) $$ \to $$ cat, (c) $$ \to $$ rat , (d) $$ \to $$ pigeon

(a) $$ \to $$ dog, (b) $$ \to $$ squirrel , (c) $$ \to $$ bat , (d) $$ \to $$ deer

(a) $$ \to $$ rat , (b) $$ \to $$ dog , (c) $$ \to $$ tortoise, (d) $$ \to $$ crow

year-round flow of water in rivers

conserving rare and threatened species

preventing soil erosion

generating environmental awareness

Net productivity

Gross primary productivity

Secondary productivity

Net primary productivity

5'-GAATTC-3'
3'-CTTAAG-5'

5'-GATACC-3'
3'-CCTAAG-5'

5'-CCAATG-3'
3'-GAATCC-5'

5'-CATTAG-3'
3'-GATAAC-5'