As sequences from where replication starts

As selectable markers

To keep the cultures free of infection

To select healthy vectors

5'-GAATTC-3'
3'-CTTAAG-5'

5'-GATACC-3'
3'-CCTAAG-5'

5'-CCAATG-3'
3'-GAATCC-5'

5'-CATTAG-3'
3'-GATAAC-5'

DNA finger printing

Constructing recombinant DNA by joining with vectors

Disarming pathogen vectors

Transformation of plant cells

has very high amounts of suspended solids and dissolved salts

has a high BOD as it contains both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

is processed by aerobic and then anaerobic bacteria in the secondary treatment in Sewage Treatment Plant (STPs)

When treated in STPs does not really require the aeration step as the sewage contains adequate oxygen