A component can be produced by any of the four processes $${\rm I},$$ $${\rm II},$$ $${\rm III},$$ and $${\rm IV}$$. The fixed cost and the variable cost for each of the processes are listed below. The most economical process for producing a batch of $$100$$ pieces is

Consider the two states of stress as shown in configurations $${\rm I}$$ and $${\rm II}$$ in the figure below. From the standpoint of distortion energy (Von - Mises) criterion, which one of the following statements is true?

In a structure subjected to fatigue loading, the minimum and maximum stresses developed in a cycle are $$200$$$$MPa$$ and $$400MPa$$ respectively. The value of stress amplitude (in $$MPa$$) is ____________.

For the three bolt system shown in the figure, the bolt material has shear yield strength of $$200$$ $$MPa.$$ For a factor of safety of $$2,$$ the minimum metric specification required for the bolt is