A hole of $$20$$ $$mm$$ diameter is to be drilled in a steel block of $$40$$ $$mm$$ thickness. The drilling is performed at rotational speed of $$400$$ $$rpm$$ and feed rate of $$0.1$$ $$mm/rev.$$ The required approach and over run of the drill together is equal to the radius of drill. The drilling time (in minute) is

A rectangular hole of size $$100\,\,mm \times 50\,\,mm$$ is to be made on a $$5$$ $$mm$$ thick sheet of steel having ultimate tensile strength and shear strength of $$500$$ $$MPa$$ and $$300$$ $$MPa,$$ respectively. The hole is made by punching process. Neglecting the effect of clearance, the punching force (in $$kN$$) is

The flatness of a machine bed can be measured using

A robot arm $$PQ$$ with end coordinates $$P(0,0)$$ and $$Q(2,5)$$ rotates counter clockwise about $$P$$ in the $$XY$$ plane by $${90^ \circ }$$. The new coordinate pair of the end point $$Q$$ is