Manual metal arc welding is to be used for welding two plates each measuring $$800 \times 200 \times 19mm.$$ Given that
Length of weld $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$$$:180mm$$
Length of electrode$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$:450mm$$
Stub length$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$:50mm$$
Diameter of electrode $$\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$:3mm$$
Weld reinforcement area $$:10\% $$
Spatter and other losses $$:15\% $$
Root gap $$=$$ land $$=$$ $$2mm$$
Angle of groove$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$:{60^ \circ }$$
Estimate the required number of electrodes for the weld.

At small variations of are length at operating conditions, the manual metal are welding transformer provides nearly

Penetration is increased by

The pressure at the in-gate will be maximum with the gating system