A dc voltage with ripple is given by $$v\left( t \right)\,\,\,\, = \,\,\,\,\left[ {100 + 10\sin \left( {\omega t} \right) - 5\sin \left( {3\omega t} \right)} \right]$$ volts. Measurements of this voltage $$v\left( t \right),$$ made by moving-coil and moving iron voltmeters, show readings of $${V_1}$$ and $${V_2}$$ respectively. The value of $${V_2} - {V_1},$$ in volts, is _______.

A three-phase, $$50$$ $$Hz$$ salient-pole synchronous motor has a per-phase direct-axis reactance $$\left( {{X_d}} \right)$$ of $$0.8$$ $$pu$$ and a per-phase quadrature-axis reactance $$\left( {{X_q}} \right)$$ of $$0.6$$ $$pu.$$ Resistance of the machine is negligible. It is drawing full-load current at $$0.8$$ $$pf$$ (leading). When the terminal voltage is $$1$$ $$pu,$$ per-phase induced voltage, in $$pu,$$ is ______________.

A 4-pole, lap-connected, separately excited dc motor is drawing a steady current of 40 A while running at 600 rpm. A good approximation for the waveshape of the current in armature conductor of the motor is given by

A DC shunt generator delivers 45 A at a terminal voltage of 220 V. The armature and the shunt field resistance are 0.01 Ω and 44 Ω respectively. The stray losses are 375 W. The percentage efficiency of the DC generator is ______.