A plastic sleeve of outer radius $${r_0} = 1\,\,mm$$ covers a wire (radius $$r = 0.5$$ $$mm$$) carrying electric current. Thermal conductivity of the plastic is $$0.15\,\,W/m$$-$$K$$. The heat transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the sleeve exposed to air is $$25$$ $$W/{m^2}$$-$$K$$. Due to the addition of the plastic cover, the heat transfer from the wire to the ambient will

A steel ball of $$10$$ $$mm$$ diameter at $$1000$$ $$K$$ is required to be cooled to $$350$$ $$K$$ by immersing it in a water environment at $$300$$ $$K.$$ The convective heat transfer coefficient is $$1000\,\,W/{m^2}$$-$$K.$$ Thermal conductivity of steel is $$40$$ $$W/m$$-$$K.$$ The time constant for the cooling process $$\tau $$ is $$16s.$$ The time required (in $$s$$) to reach the final temperature is __________________.

An infinitely long furnace of $$0.5m \times 0.4m$$ cross-section is shown in the figure below. Consider all surfaces of the furnace to be black. The top and bottom walls are maintained at temperature $${T_1} = {T_3} = {927^ \circ }C,$$
while the side walls are at temperature $${T_2} = {T_4} = {527^ \circ }C.$$
The view factor, $${F_{1 - 2}}$$ is $$0.26.$$ The net radiation heat loss or gain on side $$1$$ is_________ $$W/m.$$ Stefan-Boltzman constant $$ = \,5.67 \times {10^{ - 8}}$$ $$W/{m^2}$$-$${K^4}$$

A fluid (Prandtl number, $$Pr=1$$) at $$500$$ $$K$$ flows over a flat plate of $$1.5$$ $$m$$ length, maintained at $$300$$ $$K.$$ The velocity of the fluid is $$10\,\,m/s.$$ Assuming kinematic viscosity, $$v = 30 \times {10^{ - 6}}\,\,{m^2}/s,$$ the thermal boundary layer thickness (in $$mm$$) at $$0.5$$ $$m$$ from the leading edge is _________.