A bar is subjected to fluctuating tensile load from $$20$$ $$kN$$ to $$100$$ $$kN.$$ The material has yield strength of $$240$$ $$MPa$$ and endurance limit in reversed bending is $$160$$ $$MPa.$$ According to the Soderberg principle, the area of cross-section in $$m{m^2}$$ of the bar for a factor of safety of $$2$$ is

A single riveted lap joint of two similar plates as shown in the figure below has the following geometrical and material details.

width of the plate $$w = 200$$ $$mm,$$ thickness of the plate $$t = 5$$ $$mm,$$ number of rivets $$n = 3,$$ diameter of the rivet $${d_r} = 10\,\,\,mm,$$ diameter of the rivet hole $${d_h} = 11\,\,\,mm,$$ allowable tensile stress of the plate $${\sigma _p} = 200\,\,MPa,$$ allowable shear stress of the rivet $${\sigma _s} = 100\,\,MPa$$ and allowable bearing stress of the rivet $${\sigma _c} = 150\,\,MPa.$$

If the rivets are to be designed to avoid crushing failure, the maximum permissible load $$P$$ in $$k/N$$ is

A single riveted lap joint of two similar plates as shown in the figure below has the following geometrical and material details.

width of the plate $$w = 200$$ $$mm,$$ thickness of the plate $$t = 5$$ $$mm,$$ number of rivets $$n = 3,$$ diameter of the rivet $${d_r} = 10\,\,\,mm,$$ diameter of the rivet hole $${d_h} = 11\,\,\,mm,$$ allowable tensile stress of the plate $${\sigma _p} = 200\,\,MPa,$$ allowable shear stress of the rivet $${\sigma _s} = 100\,\,MPa$$ and allowable bearing stress of the rivet $${\sigma _c} = 150\,\,MPa.$$

If the plates are to be designed to avoid tearing failure, the maximum permissible load $$P$$ in $$kN$$ is

A cube shaped casting solidifies in $$5$$ min. The solidification time in min for a cube of the same material, which is $$8$$ times heavier than the original casting, will be