When a system executes an irreversible cycle:

In a single stage single row impulse turbine, the steam is entering at a velocity of $$1200$$ $$m/s$$ with a nozzle angle of $${20^ \circ }$$ and leaving the blade in the axial direction. The ratio of blade velocity to the tangential (whirl) velocity of steam is $$0.6.$$ Sketch the velocity diagram and calculate the work output.

An insulated rigid vessel contains a mixture of fuel and air. The mixture is ignited by a minute spark. The contents of the vessel experience.

Specific speed of a Kaplan turbine ranges between