A database of research articles in a journal uses the following schema.

(VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE, TITLE, YEAR, PRICE)

The primary key is (VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE) and the following functional dependencies exist in the schema.

(VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE) → TITLE
(VOLUME, NUMBER) → YEAR
(VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE) → PRICE

The database is redesigned to use the following schemas.

(VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE, TITLE, PRICE)
(VOLUME, NUMBER, YEAR)

Which is the weakest normal form that the new database satisfies, but the old one does not?

Consider a carry lookahead adder for adding two $$n$$-bit integers, built using gates of fan-in at most two. The time to perform addition using this adder is

Consider the two cascaded $$2$$-to-$$1$$ multiplexers as shown in the figure.

The minimal sum of products form of the output $$X$$ is

We want to design a synchronous counter that counts the sequence $$0-1-0-2-0-3$$ and then repeats. The minimum number of $$J-K$$ flip-flops required to implement this counter is _________.