In general, the outer edge is raised above the inner edge in horizontal curves for
Various stresses in jointed plain concrete pavement with slab size of 3.5 m × 4.5 m are denoted as follows:
Wheel load stress at interior = $S_{wl}^i$
Wheel load stress at edge = $S_{wl}^e$
Wheel load stress at corner = $S_{wl}^c$
Warping stress at interior = $S_t^i$
Warping stress at edge = $S_t^e$
Warping stress at corner = $S_t^c$
Frictional stress between slab and supporting layer = $S_f$
The critical stress combination in the concrete slab during a summer midnight is
The consolidated data of a spot speed study for a certain stretch of a highway is given in the table.
| Speed range (kmph) | Number of observations |
|---|---|
| 0 - 10 | 7 |
| 10 - 20 | 31 |
| 20 - 30 | 76 |
| 30 - 40 | 129 |
| 40 - 50 | 104 |
| 50 - 60 | 78 |
| 60 - 70 | 29 |
| 70 - 80 | 24 |
| 80 - 90 | 13 |
| 90 - 100 | 9 |
The "upper speed limit" (in kmph) for the traffic sign is
A horizontal curve of radius 1080 m (with transition curves on either side) in a Broad Gauge railway track is designed and constructed for an equilibrium speed of 70 kmph. However, a few years after construction, the Railway Authorities decided to run express trains on this track. The maximum allowable cant deficiency is 10 cm.
The maximum restricted speed (in kmph) of the express trains running on this track is _______________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).