Which one of the following saturated fine-grained soils can attain a negative Skempton’s pore pressure coefficient (A)?

A reinforced concrete pile of 10 m length and 0.7 m diameter is embedded in a saturated pure clay with unit cohesion of 50 kPa. If the adhesion factor is 0.5, the net ultimate uplift pullout capacity (in kN) of the pile is ____________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).

Consider the statements P and Q related to the analysis/design of retaining walls.

P: When a rough retaining wall moves toward the backfill, the wall friction force/resistance mobilizes in upward direction along the wall.

Q: Most of the earth pressure theories calculate the earth pressure due to surcharge by neglecting the actual distribution of stresses due to surcharge.

Which one of the following options is CORRECT?

Consider the statements P, Q, and R.

P: Compacted fine-grained soils with flocculated structure have isotropic permeability.

Q: Phreatic surface/line is the line along which the pore water pressure is always maximum.

R: The piping phenomenon occurring below the dam foundation is typically known as blowout piping.

Which of the following option(s) is/are CORRECT?