A mass $M$ is split into two parts $m_0$ and $M-m_0$. These two masses are then separated by a distance $D$. If the gravitational force between the parts is maximum, then the ratio $\frac{m_0}{M}$ is

If the escape velocity on earth is $11.2 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{s}$, its value for a planet having double the radius and 8 time the mass of earth is

The long range force experienced by a neutral particle with a finite mass

If the radius of the earth shrinks by $1 \%$, its mass remaining the same, then the acceleration due to gravity on the earth surface would