An electric dipole is placed at an angle of $$30^{\circ}$$ with an electric field of intensity $$2 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{NC}^{-1}$$. It experiences a torque equal to $$4 ~\mathrm{N~m}$$. Calculate the magnitude of charge on the dipole, if the dipole length is $$2 \mathrm{~cm}$$.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I : Photovoltaic devices can convert optical radiation into electricity.
Statement II : Zener diode is designed to operate under reverse bias in breakdown region.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
The errors in the measurement which arise due to unpredictable fluctuations in temperature and voltage supply are :
The ratio of frequencies of fundamental harmonic produced by an open pipe to that of closed pipe having the same length is