Let U = {1, 2 ,..., n}. Let A = {(x, X) | x ∈ X, X ⊆ U}. Consider the following two statements on |A|.

I. |A| = n2^n–1

II. |A| = $$\sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {k\left( {\matrix{ n \cr k \cr } } \right)} $$

Which of the above statements is/are TRUE?

Suppose Y is distributed uniformly in the open interval (1,6). The probability that the polynomial 3x² + 6xY + 3Y + 6 has only real roots is (rounded off to 1 decimal place) _____.

Consider the first order predicate formula φ:

∀x[(∀z z|x ⇒ ((z = x) ∨ (z = 1))) ⇒ ∃w (w > x) ∧ (∀z z|w ⇒ ((w = z) ∨ (z = 1)))]

Here 'a|b' denotes that 'a divides b', where a and b are integers.

Consider the following sets:

S1. {1, 2, 3, ..., 100}
S2. Set of all positive integers
S3. Set of all integers

Which of the above sets satisfy φ?

Two numbers are chosen independently and uniformly at random from the set {1, 2, ...., 13}. The probability (rounded off to 3 decimal places) that their 4-bit (unsigned) binary representations have the same most significant bit is ______.