Which one of the following kinds of derivation is used by LR parsers?

Consider the augmented grammar given below :

S' → S
S → 〈L〉 | id
L → L,S | S

Let I₀ = CLOSURE ({[S' → ●S]}). The number of items in the set GOTO (I₀ , 〈 ) is: _____.

Which of the following protocol pairs can be used to send and retrieve e-mails (in that order)?

The value of 3⁵¹ mod 5 is_________.